Proponents of culs-de-sac and New research has expanded the discussion on the disputed issue.

While this more permeable version can be applied in new developments easily, modifying existing impermeable cul-de-sac streets is problematic as it encounters property ownership issues. Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. However, besides cars, they also stop ambulances and other emergency vehicles, and they often lack adequate turning. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition In New York City, as of 2008, there were 4,659 "dead end" traffic signs, along with 160 "no outlet" signs. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary "We hear that some towns use 'no outlet' instead of 'dead end' because they think it sounds less morbid," New York City Commissioner of Transportation In military parlance, a "cul-de-sac" refers to a situation where an army is In medicine, the expression is used to refer to the "Dead end street" redirects here. When culs-de-sac are interconnected with foot and bike paths, as for example in From an environmental perspective, culs-de-sac allow greater flexibility than the common grid in adapting to the natural grades of a site and to its ecologically sensitive features, such as streams creeks and mature forest growth. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins A recent studyAnecdotal and research evidence suggests that navigation (especially on foot) in a disconnected network of cul-de-sac and looped streets is inconvenient and non-intuitive, particularly when combined with curvilinear geometry. Petite rue privée ( cul-de-sac) tranquille.

Some of these are used only regionally. A dead end, also known as a cul-de-sac , no through road or no exit road, is a street with only one inlet or outlet. The French cul de sac was originally an anatomical term meaning "vessel or tube with only one opening." Bill Hillier, Ozlem Sahbaz March 2008 Bartlett School of Graduate StudiesUniversity College LondonTraditional Neighborhood Development: Will the Traffic Work?Presentation by Walter Kulash at the 11th Annual Pedestrian Conference in Bellevue WA, October 1990Orwell, George. 1946OED, online edition, draft revision December 2007, entry for However, recent research on obesity and urban planning suggests that to be a possible advantage because it enables children to get daily physical activity. Because of the complicated legal process and the sheer number of existing cul-de-sac streets, however, such efforts would be slow to produce results and may have little impact in changing the landscape of existing districts. 1 : a blind diverticulum or pouch. The long history of such cities implies that an irregular, complicated street network that appears entirely illegible to a visitor is well understood and used by the inhabitants. The terms 'cul-de-sac' and 'dead end' have the same senses as in Australia. Built examples of such connected culs-de-sac can be found in the In the development context and planning literature of Another concern is often raised by emergency services, which can have difficulty locating streets when a community consists of a large number of similarly named culs-de-sac; also, large fire response vehicles, in particular, can have great difficulty with turning around in a cul-de-sac.School buses can also have a hard time turning around, which means that children who live in a cul-de-sac must often walk to a bus stop on a main through road.

As traffic volumes increase and as cities decide to remove or reduce traffic on specific streets of central areas, streets are closed off using bollards or landscaping thus creating new, originally unplanned dead ends and producing a new, functional blend of the inherited grid with newer street types. Conversely, transforming existing streets that are part of a grid plan into permeable, linked culs-de-sac, as was done in Increases in pedestrian and bicycle permeability may result in a displacement of local car trips for short distance destinationsCuls-de-sac, especially those that also cut off pedestrian connections instead of limiting only road traffic, have also been criticised for negative effects on safety because they decrease the amount of through traffic (vehicular or pedestrian) that might spot an accident or crime victim in need of help.
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