© The British Library Board, Cotton Vespasian F. XIII, f.147, Letter from Thomas Wolsey in distress to Thomas Cromwell. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, was born in Huntingdon on 25th April 1599. Soon after his return to England in 1514, Cromwell married Elizabeth Williams, née Wykys, a wealthy widow. Henry was so pleased with this unexpected docility that he gave her status second only to his daughters, Princesses Mary and Elizabeth, both of whom came to befriend Anne. Not only had he rid the King – and himself – of a woman who had become a dangerous enemy, but he quickly allied his family with the new queen, Jane Seymour, to whom Henry was betrothed the day after Anne’s execution. "Thomas Cromwell – Facts & Biography Information" https://englishhistory.net/tudor/thomas-cromwell/, January 31, 2015, Copyright © 1999-2020 All Rights Reserved.English HistoryOther Sites: Learn Web Development, The Right to Display Public Domain Images, Author & Reference Information For Students, https://englishhistory.net/tudor/thomas-cromwell/, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer Death By Execution, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto the Fourth, John Keats Letters To Benjamin Bailey, 21,25 May 1818, The lyrics of King Henry VIII – Primary Sources, John Keats Letters To J H Reynolds, 22 November 1817. The reason for his imprisonment had been the King’s fourth marriage, a disastrous union which he did his best to make it better, but failed. Cromwell betrayed his former patron because she no longer held the king’s favor. Certainly there were Godly men who struggled to enforce the tenets of their faith. In the rough world of Tudor politics, friendships were lost in the struggle for prestige and survival. The Pilgrimage of Grace had made Henry more sensitive to popular sentiment. The piecemeal destruction of these great religious houses brought the King enormous wealth, but also sparked widespread opposition. He could only bemoan his loss, while never understanding exactly why it happened. Cranmer was like Cromwell in many ways – both owed their rise to prominence entirely to Henry’s mercurial favor; both came from humble backgrounds; both were despised by the traditional nobility. Cromwell supported Anne until she, like Wolsey, became a liability. Many more promotions would follow, bringing Cromwell great riches as well as immense power. In consistently defending his fallen patron, Cromwell not only softened Henry’s mind towards Wolsey but also impressed him with his own loyalty. Far from flattering the sitter, it offers a brutally honest appraisal. Oh father, forgive me; Oh Son, forgive me; Oh Holy Ghost, forgive me; Oh three Persons and one God, forgive me.”. Instead, he was charged with selling export licenses illegally, granting passports and commissions without royal knowledge, freeing people suspected of treason and – of course – that he, base-born and ignoble, had usuurped and deliberately misused royal power. As time passed, the new generation of nobles were Protestant because it was expedient and philosophically appealing. Of course, Henry would use the entire windfall to finance his increasingly complicated foreign policy. Cranmer had come to Henry’s attention by first suggesting a solution to the divorce problem – petition learned churchmen for their opinion, assuming they agreed with Henry. His eyebrows are slightly raised in a questioning, vaguely cynical stance, and his long, thin lips are pressed together in a line. He had heaped honors upon him with extravagant generosity and had written to the pope recommending religious promotion. Thomas Cromwell: The rise and fall of Henry VIII’s henchman.
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