(a) The halophyte Salicornia in southern France. | Figure 3: The principal modes of enzymatic ROS scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) cycle. Figure 4: Differences in vacuolar concentrations of Na+ across roots of transpiring wheat plants growing in 150 mM NaCl. Advancements in genome editing technologies such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) has made it possible for molecular biologists to more precisely target any gene of interest. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Figure 4: Schematic depiction of cellular ROS sensing and signaling mechanisms. The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond. Several other issues such as persisted CRISPR activity in subsequent generations, the potential for transferring to its wild type population, the risk of reversion of edited version to its original phenotype particularly in cross‐pollinated plant species when released into the environment and the scarcity of validated targets have been overlooked. This site requires the use of cookies to function. The CRISPR/Cas base editing technology enables precise and efficient single-base conversion at targeted genomic sites, and has been widely used in various organisms including plants [, , ,, , ]. NLM Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Brief Funct Genomics. 2020 Sep 7;20(1):417. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02614-x. The physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are reviewed at the cellular, organ, and whole-plant level. Biotechnological Approaches: Gene Overexpression, Gene Silencing, and Genome Editing to Control Fungal and Oomycete Diseases in Grapevine. The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) system has received extensive attention owing to its easy manipulation, high efficiency, and wide application in gene mutation and transcriptional regulation in mammals and plants as a revolutionary technology. (a) CBE-mediated C-to-T base-editing strategy. CRISPR/Cas9: a promising way to exploit genetic variation in plants. Epub 2016 Mar 24. Plant Physiol. Biotechnol Adv. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas is considered a revolutionary technology in plant biology. Haque E, Taniguchi H, Hassan MM, Bhowmik P, Karim MR, Śmiech M, Zhao K, Rahman M, Islam T. Front Plant Sci. Epub 2017 Jun 6. Unlike first-generation genome editing tools, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing involves simple designing and cloning methods, with the same Cas9 being potentially available for use with different guide RNAs targeting multiple sites in the genome. Various plant-specific CRISPR/Cas9 vector systems have been established for adaption of this technology to many plant species. Significant progress has been made in cloning new genes by genetic and combined bioinformatics and biochemistry approaches. Currently, biology is revolutionized by ever growing applications of the CRISPR/Cas system. CRISPR base editing and prime editing: DSB and template-free editing systems for bacteria and plants. Working off-campus? Plant Physiol Biochem. Figure 3: The thermodynamics and mechanisms of Na+ and Cl− transport at the soil-root and stelar cell–xylem vessel interfaces in roots. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! eCollection 2020 Feb. Zhang S, Zhang R, Gao J, Gu T, Song G, Li W, Li D, Li Y, Li G. Int J Mol Sci. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Conferring resistance to geminiviruses with the CRISPR–Cas prokaryotic immune system. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2017.01.002. 71, 2020, Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. Figure 6: Ideal delivery strategies. A version of CRISPR he co-developed paved the way for recent work on barley and a broccoli-like plant at the John Innes Centre, a plant science research center also in Norwich. The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) system was first identified in bacteria and archaea and can degrade exogenous substrates. 2018 Mar;233(3):1844-1859. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25970. Flow chart describing the steps involved in CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing. Drug Deliv. Gene targeting (GT) is a tool of urgent need for plant biotechnology and breeding. CRISPR/Cas9: An RNA-guided highly precise synthetic tool for plant genome editing. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in hairy roots to explore the functions of AhNFR1 and AhNFR5 genes during peanut nodulation. Figure 5: Different roles of ROS under conditions of (a) pathogen attack or (b) abiotic stress. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. USA.gov. This review aims to highlight common considerations and options when conducting CRISPR/Cas9 experiments. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Plants. This review introduces the mechanism of the Type II CRISPR/Cas called CRISPR/Cas9, updates its recent advances in various applications in plants, and discusses its future prospects to provide an argument for its use in the study of medicinal plants.Download : Download high-res image (118KB)Download : Download full-size image. CRISPR; TALEN; ZFN; abiotic stress; biotic stress; quantitative trait loci. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Alternative Routes to Improving Photosynthesis in Field Crops. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. Na+ induces specific downstream responses, but the sodium-sensing mechanism of plants remains to be identified. 70, 2019, Enhanced agricultural production through innovative breeding technology is urgently needed to increase access to nutritious foods worldwide.
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