Ann NY Acad Sci 792:126–139, During K, Fladung M, Lörz H (1992) Antibacterial resistance of transgenic potato plants producing T4 lysozyme. In terms of net protein level per biomass, transgenic rice plants expressing over 9 g/kg of seed (Hennegan et al., 2005) hold the productivity record. Biotechnology 10:790–794, Owen MRL, Cockburn W, Whitelam GC (1996) The expression of recombinant antibody fragments in plants. Nat Biotechnol 15:248–252, De Block M, Botterman J, Vanderwiele M, Dockx J, Thoen C, Gosselé V, Rao Movva N, Thompson C, Van Montagu M, Leemans J (1987) Engineering herbicide resistance in plants by expression of a detoxifying enzyme. Nuclear transformation is a very well established expression technology; however, most applied work has been done with just one constitutive promoter — the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus. In: Owen MRL, Pen J (eds) Transgenic plants: a production system for industrial and pharmaceutical proteins. On the left is a wild-type tomato plant; on the right is a plant that differs from wild type functionally by the addition of a bacterial gene, Prf, from Pseudomonas syringae, which modulates resistance to bacterial speck disease. Nuclear transformation allows for expression of proteins in all cellular compartments, thus it offers possibilities for various post-translational modifications of the expressed proteins including glycosylation. Examples of high expression in nuclear transformants are listed in Table 29.2; and it is clearly evident that the best results have thus far been obtained using expression cassettes with seed-specific promoters. These may be used to save endangered species, e.g., American Chestnut tree, currently being repopulated by Chinese–American chestnut hybrids specifically engineered with a genetic resistance to the chestnut blight (the deadly fungus that nearly decimated native populations in the early 1900s) (http://www.nytimes.com). Wiley, Chichester, pp 213–225, Von Schaewen A, Sturm A, O’Neill J, Chrispeels MJ (1993) Isolation of a mutant arabidopsis plant that lacks N-acetyl glucosaminyl transferase I and is unable to synthesise Golgi-modified complex N-linked glycans. kurstaki affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB). together with selected examples of the potential for transgenic plants and engineered plant viruses to produce high-value products. Ann NY Acad Sci 792:164–171, Kramer MG, Redenbaugh K (1994) Commercialization of a tomato with an antisense polygalacturonase gene: the FLAVRSAVR tomato story. A transgenic plant project, known as the “glowing plant project,” incorporated a gene from a firefly into a houseplant, resulting in plants displaying a soft illumination in the darkness. The first GM plants were produced in the early 1980s when efficient methods were developed to achieve the stable insertion of synthetic transgenes into plant genomes at the single-cell level, and regenerate the single plant cells carrying the introduced gene into fully functional plants. In: Owen MRL, Pen J (eds) Transgenic plants: a production system for industrial and pharmaceutical proteins. Another controversial aspect of transgenic organisms has to do with gene expression; many people worry that transgenes will be expressed in agricultural products in unwanted or unexpected ways, making food harmful to eat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6780–67851487, Mett V, Lochhead LP, and Reynolds PHS (1993) Copper-controllable gene expression system for whole plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:9975–9979, Hammond J (1996) Biotechnology and resistance. With more rational, science-based regulation, there would be a far greater shift to genetically engineered crops, and additional traits and species would be developed and commercialized. 2. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that the mechanism of expression control by using different promoters seems to be essential for plant resistance improvement. The bioavailability of MC-LR in hydroponic solutions was decreased using both types of transgenic plants [40, 41]. Vaccines, antibodies, and pharmaceutical proteins, Marillonnet et al., 2004; Kalantidis et al., 2006, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma twenty different IgG. Picloram was sequestered to levels below that of a physiologically toxic dose throughout the growth and development of the plant [39]. Mol Breeding 2:95–96, Koziel MG, Behind GL, Bowman C, Carozzi NB, Crenshaw R, Crossland L, Dawson J, Desai N, Hill M, Kadwell K, Launis K, Lewis K, Maddox D, McPherson K, Meghji MR, Merlin E, Rhodes R, Warren GW, Wright M, Evola SV (1993) Field performance of elite transgenic maize plants expressing an insecticidal protein derived from, Koziel MG, Carozzi NB, Desai N, Warren GW, Dawson J, Dunder G Launis K. E’ola SV (1996) Transgenic maize for the control of European corn borer and other maize insect pests. Biotechnology, 12:807–812, United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60234-4_1, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. In spite of these benefits and the absence of any unanticipated or unique negative effects, the technology has encountered various policy and public relations obstacles. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing either a membrane-retained or a rhizosphere-secreted anti-MC-LR Ab were created using Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformations [40, 41]. A number of companies are exploring seed-produced recombinant proteins as a manufacturing platform, including SemBioSys (Canada), Ventria (USA), and Plantechno (Italy). APS. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Transgenics helps scientists to develop organisms that express a novel trait not found in a species normally; for example, potatoes (protein rich) or rice that has elevated levels of vitamin A (known as “golden rice”) (James, 2009; http://www.goldenrice.org). Curr Opin Biotechnol 7:168–172, Gressel J, Ransom JK, Hassan EA (1996) Biotech-derived herbicide-resistant crops for Third World needs. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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