The number of transplantations performed to treat hematologic cancers has steadily increased over the decades. It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was first used as a treatment for some types of cancer but is now widely used as a therapy for various autoimmune diseases. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) research took hold in the 1950s with the demonstration that intravenously injected bone marrow cells can rescue irradiated mice from lethality by reestablishing blood cell … Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their ability to execute multiple cell fate choices, including self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation into the many different mature blood cell types. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell isolated from the blood or bone marrow that can renew itself, can differentiate to a variety of specialized cells, can mobilize out of the bone marrow into circulating blood, and can undergo programmed cell death, called apoptosis—a process by which cells that are detrimental or unneeded self-destruct. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are cells present in blood and bone marrow. The stem cell niche forms the essential microenvironment for HSCs, and the primary HSC niche in adult organisms is located in the bone marrow. The science of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has changed significantly since its development in the 1950s. HPCs are capable of forming mature blood cells, such as red blood cells (the cells that carry oxygen), platelets (the cells that help stop bleeding) and white blood cells (the … Stem cell transplantation remains a complex process involving numerous decisions and possible outcomes. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.
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