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N(al�����5 Under heavy pressure from the combined forces of the Ottoman army and the Kurdish irregulars, the Armenian Republic was forced to withdraw from Erzincan to Erzurum. The conflict began on April 20, 1915, with Aram Manukian as the leader of the resistance, and it lasted for two months. During the Conference of London, David Lloyd George encouraged American President Woodrow Wilson to accept a mandate for Anatolia, particularly with the support of the Armenian diaspora, for the provinces claimed by the Administration of Western Armenia during its largest occupation in 1916. February 1917: Russian units disintegrate. The idea was blocked by both the Treaty of Alexandropol and the Treaty of Kars. February 10, 1918: The Duma of the Transcaucasus convenes. It was not recognized by any country but existed until mid-July of the same year. After months of fierce battles with the Red Army, the Republic of Mountainous Armenia capitulated in July 1921 following Soviet Russia's promises to keep the mountainous region as a part of Soviet Armenia. Forgot account? Nzhdeh actively engaged in expelling the 1/4th Azeri population of Zangezur.[8]. [6] In the city of Van itself there were around 30,000 Armenians, but more Armenians from surrounding villages joined them during the Ottoman offensive. As a continuation of the initial goal, the creation of a "free, independent, and united" Armenia including all the territories designated as Wilsonian Armenia by the Treaty of Sèvres — as well as the regions of Artsakh, Javakhk, and Nakhchivan — was the main goal of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. This page was last edited on 16 June 2020, at 10:37. Enver Pasha's movement disintegrated with the armistice.[25]. The Soviet 11th Red Army's invasion of the First Republic of Armenia started on the 29 November 1920. *[��X"�V�&2��Y#��� �ӽ�+՚����9����[��)..-....- ��D�5444���Q%LjS�G�D�^2J�R������#T#ct�*x 6=P&�"�&�&�%LD��l��pK�J���F � [3] However, the Allies were more concerned with concluding the peace treaties with Germany and the other European members of the Central Powers. Coordinates: 38°29.65′N 43°22.8′W / 38.49417°N 43.3800°W / 38.49417; -43.3800, The area of Russian occupation as of September 1917, Robert-Jan Dwork Holocaust: A History by Deborah and van Pelt, p 38. May 2, 1915: Ottoman Army moves close to Van, but withdraws because of the presence of the Russian Army. Copies of will be available for purchase “The Armenian Highland Western Armenia and the First Republic of 1918” will be available for purchase”. The actual transfer of power took place on December 2 in Yerevan, when the Armenian leadership approved an ultimatum presented to it by the Soviet plenipotentiary Boris Legran. Approximately 150,000 Armenians relocated to Erzurum Vilayet, Bitlis Vilayet, Mush and Van Vilayet in 1917. 2353 0 obj
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to populate the border regions with a Russian element... with colonists from the Kuban and Don and in that way to form a Cossack region along the border.[16]. However, the February 1917 Revolution deposed Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian crown, and the new establishment promised to reverse the policies in order to gain support of the Armenians. The Armenian Congress also selected a 15-member permanent executive committee, known as the Armenian National Council. [8] Armenians from this region retreated to the Russian frontier. I consider it very desirable In matters related to the Near East, the principal western powers, Great Britain, France, Italy and the United States, had conflicting interests over the spheres of influence they were to assume. July was the second month of self-government under the leadership of Manoukian.
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